Bitcoin

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Live Chart

Real-time Bitcoin price action via TradingView.

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History of Bitcoin

The origins and evolution of Bitcoin from 2008 to present day.

The Genesis Block

Bitcoin was introduced in 2008 through a whitepaper published under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. The first block, known as the Genesis Block (Block 0), was mined on January 3, 2009.

Key Milestones

2008 — Whitepaper published: “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System”
2009 — Genesis Block mined, first Bitcoin transaction
2010 — First real-world transaction: 10,000 BTC for two pizzas
2011 — Bitcoin reaches parity with USD
2013 — Price surpasses $1,000 for the first time
2017 — Bitcoin hits $19,783, mainstream attention explodes
2020 — Institutional adoption begins (MicroStrategy, Tesla)
2021 — El Salvador adopts Bitcoin as legal tender
2024 — Spot Bitcoin ETFs approved in the United States

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Halving Cycles

Understanding Bitcoin's supply reduction events.

What is the Halving?

Every 210,000 blocks (~4 years), Bitcoin’s block reward is cut in half, reducing the rate of new supply entering circulation.

Halving Timeline

Year	Block Reward	Price (approx)
2009	50 BTC	$0
2012	25 BTC	$12
2016	12.5 BTC	$650
2020	6.25 BTC	$8,700
2024	3.125 BTC	$64,000
2028	1.5625 BTC	?

Why It Matters

Predictable monetary policy
Decreasing inflation rate
Historically precedes bull markets
Total supply capped at 21 million

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Supply Metrics

Key Bitcoin supply and on-chain data points.

Key Numbers

Metric	Value
Max Supply	21,000,000 BTC
Circulating	~19,600,000 BTC
Lost Forever (est.)	~3,700,000 BTC
Daily Issuance	~450 BTC
Next Halving	~2028

On-Chain Signals

MVRV Ratio — Market value vs realized value, gauges over/undervaluation
SOPR — Spent output profit ratio, measures profit-taking behavior
NUPL — Net unrealized profit/loss across all holders
Stock-to-Flow — Scarcity model based on existing supply vs new production

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Mining

How Bitcoin mining secures the network.

Proof of Work

Miners compete to solve cryptographic puzzles, validating transactions and adding blocks to the chain. The winner earns the block reward plus transaction fees.

Mining Hardware Evolution

CPU (2009) — Satoshi mined with a regular computer
GPU (2010) — Graphics cards offered 10-100x speedup
FPGA (2011) — Custom circuits, more efficient
ASIC (2013+) — Purpose-built chips, dominant today

Key Metrics

Hash Rate — Total network computing power
Difficulty — Adjusts every 2,016 blocks (~2 weeks)
Energy — Increasingly shifting to renewable sources

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Wallet Guide

Choose the right Bitcoin wallet for your needs.

Wallet Types

Hardware — Ledger, Trezor, ColdCard. Best for long-term storage
Software — Electrum, Sparrow, Blue Wallet. Good balance of security and convenience
Mobile — Muun, Phoenix, Green. Great for everyday spending
Paper — Offline generated keys printed on paper. Maximum cold storage

Security Tips

Never share your seed phrase
Use multi-sig for large holdings
Verify receive addresses on the device screen
Keep firmware updated

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Lightning Network

Bitcoin's layer 2 scaling solution for instant payments.

What is Lightning?

A layer 2 protocol that enables near-instant, low-fee Bitcoin transactions through payment channels.

Benefits

Sub-second transactions
Fees under 1 satoshi
Millions of TPS capacity
Micropayments enabled

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Bitcoin ETFs

Spot ETFs and institutional access to Bitcoin.

Spot Bitcoin ETFs

Approved January 2024, spot ETFs allow traditional investors to gain Bitcoin exposure through regulated brokerage accounts.

Major Issuers

BlackRock (IBIT)
Fidelity (FBTC)
Grayscale (GBTC)
ARK/21Shares (ARKB)